Alymsys para el cáncer: usos, funcionamiento y efectos secundarios.

Alymsys (bevacizumab-maly) es un medicamento contra el cáncer que inhibe el crecimiento tumoral al limitar el suministro de sangre que las células cancerosas necesitan para crecer y propagarse. Este fármaco, dirigido específicamente al cáncer, se suele recetar para tratar diversos tipos de cáncer, como tumores cerebrales, cáncer colorrectal, cáncer de riñón y muchas otras formas de cáncer. 

In 2022, Alymsys was approved in the United States as a biosimilar a Avastin (a branded drug) because it works the same way as Avastin (bevacizumab) but is less expensive than the brand drug. 

Alymsys is given as an IV infusion. You may experience high blood pressure, headache, or nosebleed during treatment with Alymsys. Read on to learn its uses, how it works, recommended dosage, possible side effects, and precautionary measures.  

Alymsys: FDA-Approved Uses

Alymsys is approved to treat adult patients with any of the following types of cancers:

• Metastatic colorectal cancer 
• Persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer
• Metastatic or advanced non-small cell lung cancer
• Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (kidney cancer)
• Recurrent glioblastoma (a type of brain tumor)
• Ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer

Alymsys can be given alone or together with other anticancer treatments like chemotherapy or immunotherapy.

Alymsys: Working Mechanism

Alymsys (bevacizumab-maly) is a monoclonal antibody and belongs to the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitor drug class. This monoclonal antibody (bevacizumab-maly) is specifically designed to target and block the VEGF activity. 

VEGF is a protein that is released by cancer cells to create new blood vessels within the tumor. These blood vessels provide the tumor with nutrients and oxygen to grow and spread rapidly. 

When Alymsys is infused in the body, it blocks the VEGF activity. As a result, tumor growth slows down due to limited blood supply. 

Drug Forms

Alymsys comes in the form of an injection solution in single-dose vials: 

• 100mg /4 ml (25 mg/ml) 
• 400 mg/16 ml (25 mg/ml)

Dosis recomendada

Dosage varies depending on cancer type, treatment regimen, and individual patient factors. Refer to the prescribing information for complete dosing recommendations. 

1. Cáncer colorrectal metastásico (CCRm)

The recommended dosage when Alymsys is administered in combination with intravenous fluorouracil-based chemotherapy is:

• 5 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks with bolus-IFL chemotherapy 
• 10 mg/kg IV every 2 weeks with FOLFOX4 

After progression, patients may receive a dose of 5 mg/kg every 2 weeks or 7.5 mg/kg every 3 weeks. 

2. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

For patients with NSCLC, a dose of 15 mg/kg is given intravenously every 3 weeks in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel. 

3. Glioblastoma recurrente

For patients with recurrent glioblastoma, a dosage of 10 mg/kg is administered intravenously every 2 weeks.

4. Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

The recommended dosage for patients with kidney cancer is 10 mg/kg, given intravenously every 2 weeks in combination with interferon alfa.

5. Persistent, Recurrent, or Metastatic Cervical Cancer

The recommended dosage is 15 mg/kg intravenously every 3 weeks in combination with paclitaxel and cisplatin or in combination with paclitaxel and topotecan.

6. Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer

The recommended dosage is 10 mg/kg intravenously every 2 weeks in combination with paclitaxel, pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, or topotecan. 

Alymsys: Administration Process

Alymsys is administered by a healthcare professional via IV infusion (the drug is delivered directly into your vein). The Alymsys infusion process usually takes 1.5 hours to complete. 

The first infusion will be given to you over 90 minutes. If this is well-tolerated, the second infusion may be given over 60 minutes. Later, all subsequent infusions from that point until the end of your treatment may be administered over 30 minutes. 

Nota: Alymsys should be stopped at least 28 days before surgery or not restarted until at least 28 days after major surgery and adequate wound healing.

Posibles efectos secundarios

Here is a list of common and potentially adverse effects you may experience with Alymsys treatment. 

Efectos secundarios comunes

The most common side effects of Alymsys include:

• Presión arterial alta (hipertensión)
• Dolor de cabeza
• Nose bleeds
• Tiredness or asthenia (weakness)
• Diarrhea and abdominal (belly) pain
• Cold symptoms (i.e., congestion or runny nose, or itching)
• High levels of protein in the urine (proteinuria) 
• Ojos secos o llorosos
• Dry or flaky skin
• Cambios en el gusto
• Peeling or blistering skin

Efectos adversos

Though it’s rare, Alymsys can also possibly cause serious side effects like:

• Gastrointestinal perforation (hole in the gut wall)
• Fistulas (abnormal openings between organs or tissues that may cause drainage, infection, or pain). 
• Hemorrhage (bleeding) 
• Arterial thromboembolism (blood clots in the arteries)
• Insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva
• Serious kidney problems
• Mala cicatrización de heridas
• Insuficiencia ovárica
• Coughing or spitting blood
• Confusion, blindness, or any other changes in vision and brain functions
• High fevers or chills
• Hypertensive encephalopathy
• Renal injury
• Toxicidad embriofetal 
• Síndrome nefrótico
• Serious infusion reactions (such as trouble breathing, itching or hives, flushing, swelling, chest pain, fast heartbeat, dizziness, fainting)

Nota: You might receive Alymsys along with other medications. If so, ask your provider what side effects you might expect from other anticancer medications you’re taking.

Alymsys: Precautionary Measures

Before receiving Alymsys infusion, tell your doctor if you:

• Have had major surgery within the last month, or problems with wound healing
• Plan to have surgery within the next 4 weeks (28 days)
• Have had any other health problems, such as diabetes, kidney disease, heart problems, high blood pressure, or bleeding problems, or a perforation (a hole or tear) in your esophagus, stomach, or intestines
• Are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or plan to start a family in the future 
• Are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. Do not breastfeed while using this medicine and for at least 6 months after your last dose. 

Costo

Since Alymsys is a biosimilar of Avastin, it is generally considered a more cost-effective option. But the pricing of this drug may also vary based on dosage, treatment schedule, healthcare facility, and insurance coverage. 

In the United States, the estimated cash price is approximately $700 for a 100 mg/4 ml vial and around $2,800 for a 400 mg/16 ml vial. Therefore, the overall treatment costs may increase due to repeated IV infusions over several months. Contáctanos si está interesado en asistencia financiera o copay assistance for Alymsys.