Lomustine (Gleostine) is an oral chemotherapy medication used to treat certain brain tumors as well as Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Unlike many other chemotherapy medications that are given by an intravenous (IV) infusion, lomustine is taken by mouth as a single dose every 6 weeks because its effects on the bone marrow can last for several weeks. Read on to learn how lomustine works, its approved uses, recommended dosage, possible side effects, and cost.
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什么是洛莫司汀？
洛莫司汀是一种化疗药物。它属于一类叫做……的药物。 烷化剂. 该药物已获得美国食品药品监督管理局 (FDA) 批准，用于治疗：
- 既往接受过手术或放射治疗的患者的脑肿瘤（包括原发性和转移性肿瘤）
- 接受过化疗的患者，其霍奇金淋巴瘤（一种影响称为B淋巴细胞的白细胞的癌症）病情有所进展。
在美国，洛莫司汀以口服胶囊的形式出售，规格如下：
- 10毫克（白色帽身）
- 40毫克（白色菌盖，苔绿色菌体）
- 100 mg (moss green cap and body)
洛莫司汀的作用机制
洛莫司汀是一种烷化剂。它的作用机制是通过形成异常化学键来破坏癌细胞的DNA。这会阻止癌细胞正常生长和分裂，最终导致癌细胞死亡。.
洛莫司汀还能穿过血脑屏障，使其比许多其他化疗药物更有效地到达脑肿瘤部位。这使其在治疗某些脑癌方面特别有效。.
洛莫司汀剂量
成人和儿童患者的推荐起始剂量为每平方米130毫克，每6周口服一次。您的医护人员会根据您的体表面积计算剂量，并可能根据您的血细胞计数、肝肾功能以及您正在接受的其他癌症治疗情况进行调整。.
洛莫司汀的重要警告
Risk of Bone Marrow Suppression
骨髓抑制 骨髓抑制是指骨髓无法产生足够的血细胞。这会增加严重感染、贫血和出血的风险。与许多化疗药物不同，洛莫司汀会导致骨髓抑制延迟，这意味着您的血细胞计数可能在治疗后 4 至 6 周才会降至最低水平。接受洛莫司汀治疗后 4 至 6 周内，可能会发生严重甚至致命的感染。.
如果您遇到以下情况，请立即致电您的医疗保健提供者：
- 发烧、喉咙痛、声音嘶哑、持续咳嗽、发冷或其他感染迹象
- 异常出血或瘀伤
- 血便或柏油样便
- 血性呕吐物
- 呕吐物中带血或呈类似咖啡渣的褐色物质
Risk of Overdosage
服用过量洛莫司汀可能致命。每6周只能服用一次洛莫司汀。.
由于洛莫司汀可能会对身体产生长期影响，因此您的医疗保健提供者会在每次服药后至少 6 周内每周进行一次血液检查。.
您是否符合 $0 共付额资格？
Speak to a Specialist and Find outBefore Taking Lomustine
Before you receive your first dose of lomustine, inform your provider if you:
- 如果您对本产品或其任何成分过敏，请联系我们。
- Ever had liver, kidney, or lung disease
- 已怀孕或计划怀孕
- 正在哺乳或计划哺乳
Females who can get pregnant should use birth control during treatment and for at least 14 days after the last dose. Males with female partners who can get pregnant should use birth control during treatment and for at least 14 weeks after the last dose.
Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you or your partner becomes pregnant during treatment with this medication.
Avoid breastfeeding during treatment and for at least 14 days after the last dose.
洛莫司汀的副作用
Like most chemotherapy medications, lomustine can cause both common and serious side effects. Your healthcare provider will monitor you closely throughout treatment with regular blood tests and follow-up appointments.
常见副作用
- 恶心
- 呕吐
- 感染风险增加
- 口腔溃疡
- 脱发
如果副作用加重或持续存在，请咨询您的医疗保健提供者或药剂师。.
严重的副作用
如果您出现以下情况，请立即致电您的医疗保健提供者或寻求紧急医疗救助：
- 过敏反应的迹象包括荨麻疹、呼吸困难以及面部、嘴唇、舌头或喉咙肿胀。
- 黄疸（皮肤或眼睛发黄）
- 容易瘀伤
- 皮肤下出现异常出血或紫红色针尖状斑点
- 肾脏问题的症状包括：尿量减少或无尿、脚踝或脚部肿胀、疲倦乏力以及呼吸困难。
- 感染迹象，例如发烧、发冷、喉咙痛、口腔内起水疱、牙龈红肿以及吞咽困难。
- 延迟性肺损伤的迹象，例如新出现的或加重的咳嗽、胸痛、呼吸急促（这些症状可能在服用洛莫司汀后 6 个月甚至更长时间内出现）
- 视力突然变化或丧失
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Proper Use, Handling, and Storage
- Take your doses exactly as directed: a single dose once every 6 weeks.
- To take your full dose, you may need to take 2 or more capsules of different strengths and colors.
- If you miss a dose, call your healthcare provider immediately.
- If you think you have overdosed, seek emergency medical care or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. Signs of an overdose can include stomach pain, diarrhea, vomiting, loss of appetite, lethargy, dizziness, cough, and shortness of breath.
- Because lomustine is a chemotherapy medication, wear disposable gloves when handling the capsules whenever possible, especially if someone other than the patient is handling the medication. Never reuse the gloves. Throw them away after single use.
- Don’t open the capsule or use a broken one. If the medicine from a broken capsule comes in contact with your skin, wash immediately with soap and water.
- Ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist to learn more about safe handling and disposal of broken capsules.
- Store lomustine capsules at room temperature (25°C/77°F). Short-term storage between 15°C and 30°C (59°F to 86°F) is permitted. Avoid exposing the medication to temperatures above 40°C (104°F).
Lomustine Cost
Lomustine is a specialty chemotherapy medication, and its cost can vary significantly depending on your insurance coverage, pharmacy, and whether you receive the brand-name or generic version. Ask your insurance provider whether your plan covers this medication or requires prior authorization.
根据 Drugs.com,
- A supply of five 10 mg Gleostine capsules costs about $601
- A supply of five 40 mg capsules starts from $2,381
- A supply of five 100 mg capsules starts from $6,559
Note: Prices quoted above apply only when you pay in cash
You may be able to get the generic version of Gleostine at a lower cost. If you’re concerned about the cost of treatment, 联系我们 to learn whether you may qualify for financial assistance or copay assistance for lomustine.
结论
Lomustine is an oral chemotherapy medication used to treat certain brain tumors and Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Because it can cause delayed but serious side effects, including bone marrow suppression, it should be taken exactly as prescribed and requires regular blood test monitoring. If you have questions about your treatment, side effects, or medication costs, speak with your healthcare provider or pharmacist.
