Xtandi (Enzalutamide): What It Is, How It Works, and What To Expect

什么是 Xtandi？

Enzalutamide (pronounced [en za LOO ta mide]) is also known by the brand name Xtandi. In the United States, there is currently no generic version of Xtandi available. Xtandi is an antineoplastic (anti-cancer) medication that belongs to a class called androgen receptor inhibitors (antiandrogens). It is used as hormonal (endocrine) therapy for certain types of prostate cancer and is not considered traditional cytotoxic chemotherapy.

What Is Hormonal (Endocrine) Therapy for Prostate Cancer?

Hormonal (endocrine) therapy for prostate cancer works by blocking the effect of androgens (male hormones such as testosterone) that can help prostate cancer grow. Xtandi is an androgen receptor inhibitor that helps prevent androgens from activating the androgen receptor and can slow the growth of prostate cancer.

Safe Handling Precautions

Xtandi is considered a hazardous medication. Do not crush, chew, break, or open the capsules or tablets. If a capsule or tablet is damaged, avoid direct contact with the contents; wash the area with soap and water if contact occurs. If handling damaged medication is necessary, use gloves and follow your workplace/provider instructions for safe handling and disposal.

Xtandi 如何使用？

Xtandi已获得 美国食品药品监督管理局（FDA） to treat different types of prostate cancers. It may be prescribed alone or in combination with other prostate cancer treatments (for example, androgen deprivation therapy and other agents), depending on the type of prostate cancer and prior treatment history.

可用配方

Xtandi is only available in the form of capsules or tablets and must be administered orally. The tablets are available in two different strengths: 40 mg and 80 mg. The capsules are only available in 40 mg strength. The 40 mg round and 80 mg elliptical tablets are yellow and stamped with “E 40” and “E 80,” respectively. The 40 mg capsules are white and stamped with either “MDV” or “ENZ” on one side. The capsules contain an additional ingredient, 山梨糖醇. Tablet/capsule appearance and markings may vary by manufacturer or packaging; verify your product using the pharmacy label and pharmacist guidance.

使用方法

Xtandi 可与食物同时服用。应每天在同一时间服用。服用胶囊或药片时，请整片吞服；切勿掰开、压碎、咀嚼或使其在口中溶解。Xtandi 通常每日服用一次，具体剂量取决于癌症类型和严重程度。请咨询您的医生，确认正确的剂量和服用频率。剂量不应超过或低于处方剂量。 

漏服剂量

如果您不小心漏服，请在记起后立即服用处方剂量。如果您当天漏服了剂量，请在第二天按时服用处方剂量。每日服用量不得超过处方剂量的Xtandi。

贮存

Store Xtandi in a cool, dry place at room temperature and ensure the bottle is tightly closed.

What To Avoid While Taking Xtandi

尽管 receiving Xtandi, you must follow some precautions. Always tell your physician about any medication you are already taking. Do not start or stop any prescription, over-the-counter, vitamin, or herbal product without prior consent from your physician or pharmacist，因为它们可能与 Xtandi 有一些显著的相互作用。

怀孕和 Xtandi

Xtandi 可能导致胎儿损害和/或流产。育龄女性伴侣的男性患者应在治疗期间及末次服药后 3 个月内采取有效的避孕措施。 

副作用

与任何其他药物一样，服用 Xtandi 时可能会出现副作用。需要注意以下几点：

• 您可能不会出现以下列出的所有副作用。许多人可能几乎没有副作用。
• 副作用的严重程度可能因人而异，因此不要将您的副作用与其他人的经历进行比较。
• 停止治疗后，大多数副作用都会改善。
• These side effects are often manageable, sometimes by adjusting the dose or schedule, or by using additional medications to help treat symptoms (as directed by your provider). Consult with your physician or pharmacist to explore available options.
• 不要隐瞒任何症状；当您感到任何不适时，请毫不犹豫地告诉您的医生或药剂师。

笔记：此列表并未涵盖所有副作用。如有任何疑问，请咨询医生。 

Xtandi 的一些最常见的副作用是：

心脏并发症

Xtandi may increase blood pressure or worsen preexisting hypertension. Symptoms of high blood pressure can include a severe headache, dizziness, fainting, or changes in vision. Your healthcare team may recommend monitoring blood pressure and treating elevated readings if needed. Serious cardiovascular or clotting events are uncommon but can occur, especially in patients with underlying risk factors — seek medical attention right away for chest pain, shortness of breath, sudden weakness, or trouble speaking.

激素副作用

由于 Xtandi 影响 雄激素，一种激素，它可能会导致体内激素失衡，从而产生潮热、疲劳/虚弱、背部或关节/肌肉疼痛、食欲不振、体重减轻和睡眠困难等副作用。

过敏反应

Xtandi 还可能引起过敏反应。轻微的过敏反应可能包括皮疹、皮肤瘙痒等。严重的副作用可能包括眼底、嘴唇或手部肿胀；以及喉咙或舌头肿胀并伴有呼吸困难。如果出现任何过敏反应的迹象，请立即联系医生。如果出现严重反应，建议停用 Xtandi。 

跌倒或骨折风险

骨折或跌倒风险较高的患者可能需要考虑接受有助于提高骨密度的额外治疗，以防止跌倒或骨折。这种风险可能是由于患者出现疲劳、虚弱/头晕的可能性较高。

不孕不育

Xtandi 可能会损害具有生育能力的男性的生育能力。

其他常见的副作用可能包括：

• 便秘或腹泻
• 普通感冒症状
• 口味改变
• 焦虑

防范措施

除非得到医生的批准，否则通常不建议在以下情况下使用 Xtandi： 

• 有心血管事件风险的患者。 这些事件可能包括心脏病史、高血压、血液中脂肪或胆固醇含量异常（血脂异常）、心脏病发作或中风史等。Xtandi 已知可能升高血压，从而增加发生心血管事件的风险。如果发生任何这些事件，可能需要停药或减少剂量。 
• 患有后部可逆性脑病综合征 (PRES) 的患者。 PRES 是一种神经系统疾病，可能表现为头痛、癫痫、嗜睡、意识模糊、失明以及其他视觉/神经系统症状，并可能伴有高血压。PRES 的诊断可通过 MRI 确诊，如确诊，建议立即停用 Xtandi。
• 有癫痫、脑损伤、中风或脑瘤病史的患者。 如果治疗期间出现癫痫发作，建议立即停止使用 Xtandi。

常见问题解答

Xtandi 是化学药剂吗？

Xtandi is 不是 traditional cytotoxic 化疗. It is an androgen receptor inhibitor (a type of hormonal/endocrine therapy) used to treat certain types of prostate cancer by blocking androgen signaling that can help prostate cancer grow.

Xtandi该如何服用？

Xtandi 可与食物同时服用，并应每天在同一时间服用。服用时，请整片吞服；切勿掰开、压碎、咀嚼或使其在口中溶解。Xtandi 通常每日服用一次，具体剂量取决于癌症类型和严重程度。请咨询您的医生，确认正确的剂量和服用频率。剂量不应超过或低于处方剂量。 

你能触摸 Xtandi 吗？

Xtandi is considered a hazardous medication. Swallow tablets/capsules whole and do not crush or open them. If a capsule or tablet is damaged, avoid touching it directly; use gloves if handling is necessary and follow safe disposal instructions from your pharmacy or healthcare team.