{"id":22848,"date":"2023-06-02T10:07:42","date_gmt":"2023-06-02T17:07:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/?p=22848"},"modified":"2026-03-24T09:36:54","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T16:36:54","slug":"tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/","title":{"rendered":"TPN v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan: Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/tpn-solution\/\">Dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n (TPN)<\/a>, m\u1ed9t can thi\u1ec7p y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch TPN c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o m\u00e1u cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ti\u00eau h\u00f3a nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ru\u1ed9t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0103n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 TPN \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ch\u1eefa l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed1i lo ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan ho\u1eb7c, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, suy gan, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng TPN l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  id=\"call-to-action-f1b76b5f13c3b1cba0abe0f3f94d8210\" style=\"\" class=\"ct_call_to_action\">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"block-wrap cta\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-column\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cta_headings\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"cta__heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cta__sub__heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tKho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch truy\u1ec1n t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 b\u1ea1n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cta_btn\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#form\">B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, gan \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao ph\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00fd ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u00eau h\u00f3a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho gan.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa TPN v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan, xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n cho c\u01a1 quan quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm r\u00f5 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb TPN l\u00e2u d\u00e0i an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c l\u1ee5c\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/#How_Does_TPN_Cause_Liver_Damage\" >Ch\u1ea5t TPN g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/#Factors_That_Contribute_to_Liver_Damage\" >C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/#Composition_of_TPN_Solution\" >Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch TPN<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/#Cholestasis-_The_Most_Common_Form_of_Liver_Damage\" >\u1ee8 m\u1eadt - D\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/#Infections\" >Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/#Nutrients_Toxicity_Due_to_Calorie_Overload\" >\u0110\u1ed9c t\u00ednh dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng do qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i calo&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/#Nutrient_Deficiency\" >Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/#How_to_Prevent_Liver_Damage\" >L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/#Conclusion\" >Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Does_TPN_Cause_Liver_Damage\"><\/span>Ch\u1ea5t TPN g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, gan \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, bao g\u1ed3m glucose, axit amin v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u00e1u th\u00f4ng qua TPN, gan b\u1ecb b\u1ecf qua, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u01a1 quan quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y. T\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u0103ng cao n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khi gan \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i qua li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n (TPN) k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 cao m\u1eafc c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng gan c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh gan li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch (PNALD). PNALD bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 gan, bao g\u1ed3m gan nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ee1 (gan nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ee1), <a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/diseases\/24554-cholestasis#:~:text=Cholestasis%20is%20the%20slowing%20or,into%20your%20organs%2C%20causing%20inflammation.\">\u1ee9 m\u1eadt<\/a> (d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1eadt b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n), gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a glucose v\u00e0 lipid, x\u01a1 gan (s\u1eb9o gan), t\u0103ng \u00e1p l\u1ef1c t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch c\u1eeda (huy\u1ebft \u00e1p t\u0103ng cao trong gan) v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 suy gan.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc PNALD \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb 40% \u0111\u1ebfn 60% \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb 15% \u0111\u1ebfn 40% \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 m\u1eafc PNALD t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi th\u1eddi gian m\u1eafc TPN k\u00e9o d\u00e0i.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Factors_That_Contribute_to_Liver_Damage\"><\/span>C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng TPN l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan ho\u1eb7c PNALD do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan \u1edf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng TPN l\u00e2u d\u00e0i bao g\u1ed3m:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Composition_of_TPN_Solution\"><\/span><b>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch TPN<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch TPN \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng. N\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 glucose, axit amin v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a gan, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gan theo th\u1eddi gian. <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/17622278\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1o b\u1ec7nh gan li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn TPN \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 li\u1ec1u lipid \u1edf m\u1ee9c &gt;1 g\/kg.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cholestasis-_The_Most_Common_Form_of_Liver_Damage\"><\/span><b>\u1ee8 m\u1eadt - D\u1ea1ng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u1ee8 m\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i PNALD x\u1ea3y ra khi d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y m\u1eadt t\u1eeb gan b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edch t\u1ee5 m\u1eadt trong gan. S\u1ef1 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y vi\u00eam v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn suy gi\u1ea3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gan.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng TPN c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ee9 m\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf tr\u1ebb s\u01a1 sinh non th\u00e1ng. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u1ee9 m\u1eadt l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a suy gan v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 70% \u1edf b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng TPN l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e1c d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u1ee9 m\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng da (v\u00e0ng da v\u00e0 m\u1eaft), n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u s\u1eabm m\u00e0u v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n nh\u1ea1t m\u00e0u. Nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gan b\u1ecb suy gi\u1ea3m v\u00e0 m\u1eadt t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong gan.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Infections\"><\/span><b>Nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng TPN d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng cao h\u01a1n, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft (nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft). Theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/aspenjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1177\/0148607111413598\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nguy c\u01a1 m\u1eafc PNALD cao g\u1ea5p 3,2 l\u1ea7n sau m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee3t nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng huy\u1ebft<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m tr\u00f9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn gan v\u00e0 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nutrients_Toxicity_Due_to_Calorie_Overload\"><\/span><b>\u0110\u1ed9c t\u00ednh dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng do qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i calo&nbsp;<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch TPN c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1eeba calo v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c. Vi\u1ec7c cho \u0103n qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c \u0103n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gan nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ee1 (gan nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ee1) v\u00e0 vi\u00eam gan (vi\u00eam gan).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i lipid (ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o) nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthline.com\/health\/fatty-liver\">gan nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ee1<\/a>Khi TPN ch\u1ee9a qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u lipid, gan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong t\u1ebf b\u00e0o gan, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gan nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ee1 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gan nhi\u1ec5m m\u1ee1 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng TPN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 x\u1ea3y ra h\u01a1n do c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng TPN trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 glucose trong dung d\u1ecbch TPN t\u0103ng cao, kh\u00e1ng insulin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n nh\u01b0 b\u00e9o ph\u00ec ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Nutrient_Deficiency\"><\/span><strong>Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng TPN, b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00eam \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe gan v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan. Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t n\u00e0y th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe gan v\u00e0 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh gan. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng TPN l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 choline trong m\u00e1u th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c men gan b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 suy gi\u1ea3m choline \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7nh gan li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn TPN, v\u00e0 choline \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng TPN l\u00e2u d\u00e0i t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng TPN l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c suy gan. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng gan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p TPN \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  id=\"call-to-action-04fbd0d746ff64b6962bc1a7181496ae\" style=\"\" class=\"ct_call_to_action\">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"block-wrap cta\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-column\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cta_headings\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"cta__heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tN\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cta__sub__heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tV\u1ec1 Tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed3ng thanh to\u00e1n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cta_btn\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#form\">L\u00ean l\u1ecbch t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_Prevent_Liver_Damage\"><\/span>L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/man-liver.jpg\" alt=\"Man with liver on medical background\" class=\"wp-image-22852\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/man-liver.jpg 420w, https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/man-liver-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/man-liver-86x55.jpg 86w, https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/man-liver-167x107.jpg 167w, https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/man-liver-280x180.jpg 280w, https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/man-liver-370x238.jpg 370w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan do TPN g\u00e2y ra l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, m\u00f4 ph\u1ecfng c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. V\u00ec gan x\u1eed l\u00fd glucose m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng glucose \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua TPN l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i gan.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p qua TPN c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t b\u00e9o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho gan. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 axit b\u00e9o omega-3 v\u00e0 omega-6 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 lipid.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng axit amin th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00f4ng qua TPN l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gan b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i protein. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 axit amin, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 glutamine, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nguy c\u01a1 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan do TPN.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gan, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c TPN c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng gan ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span>Ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, TPN l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t can thi\u1ec7p y t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u00e1u th\u00f4ng qua \u1ed1ng th\u00f4ng t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng TPN k\u00e9o d\u00e0i c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c suy gan. Th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u1eafc c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 gan l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ea3 thi. Vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gan th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd t\u1ed1i \u01b0u.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (TPN), m\u1ed9t can thi\u1ec7p y t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9u s\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n. Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n d\u1ecbch TPN c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o m\u00e1u cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n m\u1eafc c\u00e1c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ti\u00eau h\u00f3a nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt ru\u1ed9t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0103n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":22851,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[21],"class_list":["post-22848","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tpn","tag-dr-martina-mikail"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>TPN and Liver Damage: Causes &amp; Prevention | AmeriPharma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Why does TPN cause liver damage? Explore the relationship between TPN and liver failure and how to prevent complications.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"vi_VN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"TPN and Liver Damage: Causes &amp; Prevention | AmeriPharma\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Why does TPN cause liver damage? Explore the relationship between TPN and liver failure and how to prevent complications.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"AmeriPharma\u00ae Specialty Care\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ameripharma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-06-02T17:07:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-24T16:36:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"2121\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"1414\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Dr. Martina Mikail, PharmD\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Dr. Martina Mikail, PharmD\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 ph\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/tpn\\\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/tpn\\\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Dr. Martina Mikail, PharmD\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/1a08790136f47e0a1978629cdfeca933\"},\"headline\":\"TPN and Liver Damage: Causes &amp; Prevention\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-06-02T17:07:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-24T16:36:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/tpn\\\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1182,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/tpn\\\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/iStock-1304606176.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Dr. Martina Mikail\"],\"articleSection\":[\"TPN\"],\"inLanguage\":\"vi\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/tpn\\\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/tpn\\\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\\\/\",\"name\":\"TPN and Liver Damage: Causes & Prevention | AmeriPharma\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/tpn\\\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/tpn\\\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/iStock-1304606176.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-06-02T17:07:42+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-24T16:36:54+00:00\",\"description\":\"Why does TPN cause liver damage? Explore the relationship between TPN and liver failure and how to prevent complications.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/tpn\\\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/tpn\\\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/tpn\\\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/iStock-1304606176.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2023\\\/06\\\/iStock-1304606176.jpg\",\"width\":2121,\"height\":1414,\"caption\":\"Doctor holds a liver figure in one hand, a stethoscope in the other\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/tpn\\\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"TPN and Liver Damage: Causes &amp; Prevention\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/\",\"name\":\"AmeriPharma\u00ae Specialty Care\",\"description\":\"Specialty Care by AmeriPharma\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"vi\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Ameripharma Specialty Care\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/07\\\/specialty-care-logo-large-square.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/07\\\/specialty-care-logo-large-square.png\",\"width\":400,\"height\":400,\"caption\":\"Ameripharma Specialty Care\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.facebook.com\\\/ameripharma\\\/\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/1a08790136f47e0a1978629cdfeca933\",\"name\":\"Dr. Martina Mikail, PharmD\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"vi\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80314ccb70a255a42c79b579c4d8558683df0bb73c133efa5c0d8896353e2b79?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80314ccb70a255a42c79b579c4d8558683df0bb73c133efa5c0d8896353e2b79?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/80314ccb70a255a42c79b579c4d8558683df0bb73c133efa5c0d8896353e2b79?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Dr. Martina Mikail, PharmD\"},\"description\":\"Dr. Martina Mikail, PharmD was born in Egypt and raised in Pennsylvania and California. She graduated from Marshall B. Ketchum University in May 2022. Dr. Mikail is a recipent of the USPS Leadership Award and the CSHP Leadership Award, and is an active member of CSHP, ASHP, and APhA. The most rewarding part of her job is educating patients and counseling them on medications. In her free time, she likes to cook, spend time with family, and read.\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\\\/vi\\\/author\\\/martina-mikail\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"TPN v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan: Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n &amp; Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba | AmeriPharma","description":"T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn TPN g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn TPN v\u00e0 suy gan c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/","og_locale":"vi_VN","og_type":"article","og_title":"TPN and Liver Damage: Causes & Prevention | AmeriPharma","og_description":"Why does TPN cause liver damage? Explore the relationship between TPN and liver failure and how to prevent complications.","og_url":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/","og_site_name":"AmeriPharma\u00ae Specialty Care","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ameripharma\/","article_published_time":"2023-06-02T17:07:42+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-03-24T16:36:54+00:00","og_image":[{"width":2121,"height":1414,"url":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Dr. Martina Mikail, PharmD","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Dr. Martina Mikail, PharmD","Est. reading time":"6 ph\u00fat"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/"},"author":{"name":"Dr. Martina Mikail, PharmD","@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/#\/schema\/person\/1a08790136f47e0a1978629cdfeca933"},"headline":"TPN and Liver Damage: Causes &amp; Prevention","datePublished":"2023-06-02T17:07:42+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-24T16:36:54+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/"},"wordCount":1182,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176.jpg","keywords":["Dr. Martina Mikail"],"articleSection":["TPN"],"inLanguage":"vi"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/","url":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/","name":"TPN v\u00e0 t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan: Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n &amp; Ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba | AmeriPharma","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176.jpg","datePublished":"2023-06-02T17:07:42+00:00","dateModified":"2026-03-24T16:36:54+00:00","description":"T\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn TPN g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng gan? T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn TPN v\u00e0 suy gan c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"vi","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"vi","@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176.jpg","width":2121,"height":1414,"caption":"Doctor holds a liver figure in one hand, a stethoscope in the other"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/tpn\/tpn-and-liver-damage-a-comprehensive-overview\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"TPN and Liver Damage: Causes &amp; Prevention"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/","name":"Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t AmeriPharma\u00ae","description":"Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a AmeriPharma","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"vi"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/#organization","name":"Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Ameripharma","url":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"vi","@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/specialty-care-logo-large-square.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/specialty-care-logo-large-square.png","width":400,"height":400,"caption":"Ameripharma Specialty Care"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ameripharma\/"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/#\/schema\/person\/1a08790136f47e0a1978629cdfeca933","name":"Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Martina Mikail, Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 D\u01b0\u1ee3c","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"vi","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80314ccb70a255a42c79b579c4d8558683df0bb73c133efa5c0d8896353e2b79?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80314ccb70a255a42c79b579c4d8558683df0bb73c133efa5c0d8896353e2b79?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80314ccb70a255a42c79b579c4d8558683df0bb73c133efa5c0d8896353e2b79?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Dr. Martina Mikail, PharmD"},"description":"Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Martina Mikail, PharmD sinh ra t\u1ea1i Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean t\u1ea1i Pennsylvania v\u00e0 California. C\u00f4 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Marshall B. Ketchum v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 2022. Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Mikail l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o USPS v\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o CSHP, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a CSHP, ASHP v\u00e0 APhA. Ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 \u00edch nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c. Trong th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea3nh r\u1ed7i, c\u00f4 th\u00edch n\u1ea5u \u0103n, d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch.","url":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/author\/martina-mikail\/"}]}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176.jpg",2121,1414,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-768x512.jpg",768,512,true],"large":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-1024x683.jpg",1024,683,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-1536x1024.jpg",1536,1024,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-2048x1365.jpg",2048,1365,true],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176.jpg",18,12,false],"block-image-html-large":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176.jpg",600,400,false],"ct-gallery":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-330x220.jpg",330,220,true],"ct-section-header":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-1146x380.jpg",1146,380,true],"ct-thumb":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-86x57.jpg",86,57,true],"ct-thumb-large":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-167x111.jpg",167,111,true],"ct-small":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-280x187.jpg",280,187,true],"ct-medium":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-370x247.jpg",370,247,true],"ct-xmedium":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-960x640.jpg",960,640,true],"ct-large":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-1280x853.jpg",1280,853,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"Dr. Martina Mikail, PharmD","author_link":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/author\/martina-mikail\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN), an established medical intervention introduced in the 1960s, has played a pivotal role in saving lives. TPN infusion therapy serves the purpose of directly supplying vital nutrients into the bloodstream of patients who suffer from profound gastrointestinal disorders or have undergone extensive bowel surgery, thus rendering their digestive system incapable of&hellip;","rttpg_featured_image_url":{"full":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176.jpg",2121,1414,false],"landscape":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176.jpg",2121,1414,false],"portraits":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176.jpg",2121,1414,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-150x150.jpg",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-300x200.jpg",300,200,true],"large":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-1024x683.jpg",1024,683,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-1536x1024.jpg",1536,1024,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-2048x1365.jpg",2048,1365,true],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176.jpg",18,12,false],"block-image-html-large":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176.jpg",600,400,false],"ct-gallery":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-330x220.jpg",330,220,true],"ct-section-header":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-1146x380.jpg",1146,380,true],"ct-thumb":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-86x57.jpg",86,57,true],"ct-thumb-large":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-167x111.jpg",167,111,true],"ct-small":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-280x187.jpg",280,187,true],"ct-medium":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-370x247.jpg",370,247,true],"ct-xmedium":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-960x640.jpg",960,640,true],"ct-large":["https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/iStock-1304606176-1280x853.jpg",1280,853,true]},"rttpg_author":{"display_name":"Dr. Martina Mikail, PharmD","author_link":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/author\/martina-mikail\/"},"rttpg_comment":0,"rttpg_category":"<a href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/category\/tpn\/\" rel=\"category tag\">TPN<\/a>","rttpg_excerpt":"Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN), an established medical intervention introduced in the 1960s, has played a pivotal role in saving lives. TPN infusion therapy serves the purpose of directly supplying vital nutrients into the bloodstream of patients who suffer from profound gastrointestinal disorders or have undergone extensive bowel surgery, thus rendering their digestive system incapable of&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22848","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/16"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22848"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22848\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/22851"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22848"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22848"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22848"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}