{"id":21805,"date":"2022-10-18T10:03:36","date_gmt":"2022-10-18T17:03:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspe.wpengine.com\/?p=21805"},"modified":"2026-03-20T15:31:50","modified_gmt":"2026-03-20T22:31:50","slug":"gamma-globulins-what-you-should-know","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/other-health-conditions\/gamma-globulins-what-you-should-know\/","title":{"rendered":"Gamma Globulin: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n n\u00ean bi\u1ebft"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The body defends itself against germs through barriers such as the skin, mucosa, and intestinal or pulmonary cilia (microscopic hairs). When germs manage to overcome these barriers, they can infect the body. To prevent this from happening, the body has an immune system that attacks these disease-causing microorganisms and prevents infections. Gamma globulins are glycoproteins synthesized in response to a foreign antigen (any foreign substance in our systems such as viruses, parasites, or bacteria), specifically binding to them and activating a series of mechanisms through which the immune system is able to eliminate the invading antigen.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  id=\"call-to-action-a7528b13cd48f2e9208298149ac45aa3\" style=\"\" class=\"ct_call_to_action\">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"block-wrap cta\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-column\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cta_headings\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"cta__heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGet IVIG Prior Authorization\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cta_btn\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"tel:8777780318\">(877) 778-0318<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When gamma globulins are immunologically active, they are also called <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/ivig\/ivig\/\/immunoglobulins-ig\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">immunoglobulins<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or antibodies.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/other-health-conditions\/gamma-globulins-what-you-should-know\/#Immunoglobulin_Isotypes_Classes\" >Immunoglobulin Isotypes (Classes)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/other-health-conditions\/gamma-globulins-what-you-should-know\/#The_Role_of_Vaccines\" >The Role of Vaccines<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/other-health-conditions\/gamma-globulins-what-you-should-know\/#Increased_Immunoglobulins_in_Plasma_Hyperglobulinemia\" >Increased Immunoglobulins in Plasma: Hyperglobulinemia<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/other-health-conditions\/gamma-globulins-what-you-should-know\/#Decreased_Gamma_Globulins_Hypogammaglobulinemia\" >Decreased Gamma Globulins: Hypogammaglobulinemia<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/other-health-conditions\/gamma-globulins-what-you-should-know\/#Replacement_Therapy_With_Intravenous_Immunoglobulin_IVIG\" >Replacement Therapy With Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/other-health-conditions\/gamma-globulins-what-you-should-know\/#Immunoglobulin_Therapy\" >Immunoglobulin Therapy<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/other-health-conditions\/gamma-globulins-what-you-should-know\/#Adverse_Reactions_Associated_With_IG_Immunotherapy\" >Adverse Reactions Associated With IG Immunotherapy:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/other-health-conditions\/gamma-globulins-what-you-should-know\/#Black_Box_Warnings_Thrombosis_Renal_Dysfunction_and_Acute_Renal_Failure\" >Black Box Warnings: (Thrombosis, Renal Dysfunction, and Acute Renal Failure)<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/other-health-conditions\/gamma-globulins-what-you-should-know\/#Thrombosis\" >Thrombosis<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/other-health-conditions\/gamma-globulins-what-you-should-know\/#Renal_dysfunction_and_acute_renal_failure_some_brands_are_excluded_from_this_warning\" >Renal dysfunction and acute renal failure (some brands are excluded from this warning)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/other-health-conditions\/gamma-globulins-what-you-should-know\/#FAQs\" >FAQs<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Immunoglobulin_Isotypes_Classes\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Immunoglobulin Isotypes (Classes)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are several subtypes of immunoglobulins known as: IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE, and IgD (which can be remembered using the mnemonic, GAMED). They are produced by different immune cells (known as lymphocytes) in different clinical scenarios.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>IgG<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is the most abundant antibody in the blood (plasma). It helps fight infections by viruses and parasites and facilitates immunotherapy for allergies (allergy shots). IgG has anti-inflammatory effects.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>IgA<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is present in mucosal secretions and is responsible for mucosal defense (the mucosa is the moist, inner lining of some organs and body cavities, such as the nose, mouth, lungs, and stomach). It is synthesized in cells of the intestinal lumen and plasma cells. It is the subtype that predominates in <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/body\/22434-colostrum\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">colostrum<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (which is the first form of breastmilk that is released by the mammary glands after giving birth and initially helps the newborn baby\u2019s immune system, especially in the gastrointestinal tract).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>IgM<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is present in lesser amounts in the serum. It plays an important role in the development of B lymphocytes and is produced mainly as the primary immune response to microbial infection\/antigen invasion (early recognition of the pathogen).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>IgE<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is found in the extravascular space, and its original role is to protect against parasites. In regions where parasitic infection is rare, IgE is primarily involved in allergic reactions.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>IgD<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> is present in small amounts and helps the B lymphocytes to produce more antibodies.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Role_of_Vaccines\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Role of Vaccines<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"420\" height=\"280\" src=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/vaccine-patient.jpg\" alt=\"Vaccine patient\" class=\"wp-image-21810\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/vaccine-patient.jpg 420w, https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/vaccine-patient-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/vaccine-patient-330x220.jpg 330w, https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/vaccine-patient-86x57.jpg 86w, https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/vaccine-patient-167x111.jpg 167w, https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/vaccine-patient-280x187.jpg 280w, https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/vaccine-patient-370x247.jpg 370w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vaccines contain inactive or weakened parts of the microorganisms, which produce an immune response within our body. While disease does not occur in people who receive a vaccine, the vaccine will cause their immune system to respond effectively and produce antibodies as if it were in contact for the first time with the real pathogen.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some vaccines require multiple doses given weeks or months apart. This is necessary for the formation of long-living antibodies and memory cells. This is how the body prepares or trains, by forming a memory of a specific microorganism and combating it quickly if it comes into contact with it in the future.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Increased_Immunoglobulins_in_Plasma_Hyperglobulinemia\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increased Immunoglobulins in Plasma: Hyperglobulinemia<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are diseases\/conditions in which the number of immunoglobulins can increase in the blood plasma. Such diseases\/conditions include:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chronic liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chronic pancreatitis<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Several types of cancer (breast, multiple myeloma, colon, rectum, prostate, bladder, lymphoma, leukemia, and Waldenstr\u00f6m macroglobulinemia, among others)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Collagen disease (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, acute rheumatic fever, acute glomerulonephritis [which is an inflammation and damage to the filtering part of the kidneys (glomerulus)], polyarteritis nodosa, and systemic sclerosis)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.stopsarcoidosis.org\/what-is-sarcoidosis\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sarcoidosis<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hemolytic anemia<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Infectious diseases (leishmaniasis, abscess, miliary tuberculosis, pneumonia, subacute bacterial <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/151016\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">endocarditis<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, and tuberculosis)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tissue injury of any cause (examples include inflammation, acute bacterial or viral infection, necrosis, neoplasia, or trauma)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div  id=\"call-to-action-943cb675491941915c6fcc9a8443970c\" style=\"\" class=\"ct_call_to_action\">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"block-wrap cta\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-column\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cta_headings\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"cta__heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGet IVIG Copay Assistance\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cta__sub__heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpeak to a Specialist\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cta_btn\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#form\">Consult an IVIG Specialist<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Decreased_Gamma_Globulins_Hypogammaglobulinemia\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Decreased Gamma Globulins: Hypogammaglobulinemia<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/other-health-conditions\/hypogammaglobulinemia\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hypogammaglobulinemia<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> refers to low amounts of IgG. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The causes for this condition can be primary, such as with common variable immune deficiency (CVID), an immune deficiency disease that is caused by a variety of different genetic abnormalities. These abnormalities result in a defect in the capability of immune cells to produce normal amounts of all types of antibodies, including immunoglobulins. People with CVID have an increased risk of infections. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">CVID is usually diagnosed in adults; however, it also can occur in children. It is considered very serious, and it is very important that a person sees an immunologist if they suspect or know that they might have this disease. The immunologist would then be in charge of carrying out all appropriate tests to diagnose and recommend a treatment for this condition.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Another form of primary immunodeficiency is transient hypogammaglobulinemia of infancy (THI), which is caused by a transitory drop in the levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG). The exact cause of THI is unknown; however, proposed mechanisms include genetic variations in families prone to immunodeficiency.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hypogammaglobulinemia can also have secondary causes, including:&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Loss of immunoglobulins, which can be either through the kidneys, such as with nephrotic syndrome (a kidney disorder that causes your body to pass too much protein in your urine), or through the gastrointestinal tract, such as with malabsorption\/protein-losing enteropathy (a condition due to an abnormality in the flow of the lymphatic system). Loss of Immunoglobulins can also occur secondary to burn injuries due to the loss of body serum.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Certain medications, specifically antiepileptic drugs (valproate, phenytoin, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and others), immunosuppressants (mycophenolate mofetil, sulfasalazine, chloroquine, gold salts, or <a href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/discontinued\/cyclophosphamide\/\">cyclophosphamide<\/a> and cyclosporine), high-dose steroids, captopril, and imatinib.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Genetic syndromes such as trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Congenital infections <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(HIV and CMV)<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chronic lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkin-lymphoma (NHL), thymoma with immunodeficiency (Good syndrome), and multiple myeloma.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protein loss (nephrotic syndrome, lymphangiectasia of the gut, malabsorption, and severe burns).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Replacement_Therapy_With_Intravenous_Immunoglobulin_IVIG\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Replacement Therapy With Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you have had hypogammaglobulinemia, it\u2019s important for you to be evaluated by a doctor specializing in immunology, who may indicate Ig replacement therapy to prevent infections and secondary complications when any of the aforementioned diseases are present.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVIG is often used to treat autoimmune diseases. FDA-approved indications for the use of IVIG include:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hypogammaglobulinemia (prophylaxis against bacterial infection):<\/span>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Primary humoral immunodeficiency disorders (PI)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acquired immunodeficiency secondary to malignancy (e.g., B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) (to prevent severe bleeding)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kawasaki disease (to prevent coronary artery aneurysms)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/cidp\/what-is-cidp\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/other-health-conditions\/what-is-multifocal-motor-neuropathy-mmn\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Multifocal motor neuropathy<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dermatomyositis (DM) in adults<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Antiviral prophylaxis (hepatitis A, measles, and varicella)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Note: Labeled indications may vary for different IVIG brands.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  id=\"call-to-action-2256773250db47322aa64f2ea8727ef4\" style=\"\" class=\"ct_call_to_action\">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"block-wrap cta\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-column\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cta_headings\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"cta__heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tGet Your IVIG Dose\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cta__sub__heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAt-Home Infusion\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cta_btn\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"tel:8777780318\">(877) 778-0318<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Immunoglobulin_Therapy\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Immunoglobulin Therapy<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The current use of Ig therapies is aimed at replacement in patients with primary immunodeficiencies and immunomodulation in patients with autoimmune diseases. There are many brands on the market, and both intravenous (IV) and subcutaneous routes are used. Each route of administration has its advantages and disadvantages.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Advantages of the IV route are:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It can achieve rapid plasma levels (the medication exhibits its effect faster).<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It can be administered at 3- to 4-week intervals.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Disadvantages of the IV route are:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An IV access is needed.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It\u2019s necessary to interrupt the patient\u2019s schedule for a 3- to 5-hour period.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The patient often needs to go to a hospital or infusion center (home infusions are possible in the presence of an infusion nurse).<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Side effects may be more frequent in some patients.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Risk of an infusion reaction.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Needs to be cautiously used, especially in patients with high blood pressure.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The subcutaneous route, on the other hand, is usually used when IV access is not practical for patients with poor venous access.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Advantages of the subcutaneous route are:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It provides more even Ig levels compared to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/ivig\/ivig\/\/ivig\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IVIG<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (which has peaks and troughs).<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It has fewer systemic adverse effects than the IV route (better tolerability than IVIG).<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It offers more flexibility in terms of the patient\u2019s schedule.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There is no need for hospital-based infusion settings (the patient can self-infuse at home without the need of an infusion nurse).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The disadvantages are:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Local injection site reactions can occur at the site of infusion (usually minor).<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It requires patient reliability (as they would self-infuse the medication).<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It usually requires weekly infusions.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Adverse_Reactions_Associated_With_IG_Immunotherapy\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Adverse Reactions Associated With IG Immunotherapy:<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The use of this type of therapy can generate some adverse reactions, such as:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Cardiovascular: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chest pain\/discomfort, decreased\/increased heart rate, hypertension\/hypotension, increased heart rate, tachycardia, flushing, heart murmur, and peripheral edema.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Dermatologic: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Skin inflammation, bruising, itching at the site of injection or any part of the body, skin rash\/irritation, eczema, skin redness, excessive sweating, hives, and skin dryness.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Endocrine and metabolic:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Dehydration, increase in lactate dehydrogenase (which usually increases when there is tissue damage\/disease), and swelling\/inflammation of the thyroid gland.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Gastrointestinal: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abdominal pain\/discomfort, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, stomach virus, canker sores, indigestion, bloating\/flatulence, and stomach inflammation.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Genitourinary: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Inflammation of the bladder, pain\/discomfort when urinating, and urinary tract infection.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Hematologic &amp; oncologic: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anemia, destruction of red blood cells, positive direct Coombs test, hemolytic anemia, and low white blood cell count.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Hepatic: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Increase in liver enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, and direct\/indirect bilirubin).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Hypersensitivity reaction: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This can be as severe as an anaphylactic reaction.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Infection: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Flu and viral infections.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Local reactions at the site of injection: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bruising, redness, nodules, irritation, pain, swelling, inflammation, and induration (an increase of fibrous elements and loss of elasticity).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Nervous system: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Chills, dizziness, fatigue, headache, fever, pain, rigors, depression, falling, fibromyalgia syndrome (exacerbation), hypertonia (muscle overactivity), lack of energy\/enthusiasm, general discomfort, migraine, muscle weakness, cold sensations, and vertigo (spinning sensation).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Neuromuscular and skeletal: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Weakness, back pain, pain in the arms or legs, muscle pain, joint pain, swollen joint (excessive fluids in the joint), muscle spasm, and neck pain.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Respiratory: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Asthma, bronchitis, cough, nosebleed, nasal congestion, common cold, pain\/irritation in the throat, stuffy nose, inflammation of the sinuses, upper respiratory tract infection, wheezing, shortness of breath, flu-like symptoms, pneumonia, and viral upper respiratory tract infection.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Otic:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Ear pain.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><b>Misc: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fever.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  id=\"call-to-action-ea8094743eff8468b90cb7f436198b19\" style=\"\" class=\"ct_call_to_action\">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"block-wrap cta\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-column\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cta_headings\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"cta__heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCan IVIG help?\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cta__sub__heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFree IVIG Treatment Info\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cta_btn\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#form\">Schedule a Consultation<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Black_Box_Warnings_Thrombosis_Renal_Dysfunction_and_Acute_Renal_Failure\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Black Box Warnings: (Thrombosis, Renal Dysfunction, and Acute Renal Failure)<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Thrombosis\"><\/span><b>Thrombosis<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.hopkinsmedicine.org\/health\/conditions-and-diseases\/thrombosis\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thrombosis<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> may occur with <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/ivig\/ivig\/\/ivig-brand-reviews\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">immune globulin products<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Risk factors may include: advanced age, prolonged immobilization, hypercoagulable conditions, history of venous or arterial thrombosis, use of estrogens, indwelling central vascular catheters, hyperviscosity, and cardiovascular risk factors. Thrombosis may occur in the absence of known risk factors. For patients at risk of thrombosis, administration should be done at the minimum dose and infusion rate practicable. Adequate hydration should be ensured in patients before administration. Patients at risk of hyperviscosity should be monitored for signs and symptoms of thrombosis and their blood viscosity should be assessed.<\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Renal_dysfunction_and_acute_renal_failure_some_brands_are_excluded_from_this_warning\"><\/span><b>Renal dysfunction and acute renal failure (some brands are excluded from this warning)<\/b><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Renal dysfunction, acute renal failure, osmotic nephrosis, and death may occur in predisposed patients with immune globulin intravenous (IGIV) products. Patients predisposed to renal dysfunction include those with any degree of preexisting renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, age greater than 65, volume depletion, sepsis, paraproteinemia, or patients receiving known nephrotoxic drugs. Renal dysfunction and acute renal failure occur more commonly in patients receiving IGIV products containing sucrose. For patients at risk of renal dysfunction or acute renal failure, IGIV products should be administered at the minimum dose and infusion rate practicable. Adequate hydration should be ensured in patients before administration.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"FAQs\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">FAQs<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What does it mean if your gamma globulin is high?<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">High gamma globulin levels mean that there is a greater production of these proteins in your body. This can be caused by chronic inflammatory diseases, some types of cancer, or even severe states of dehydration.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Is low gamma globulin bad?<\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Low gamma globulin levels mean that your body cannot produce enough antibodies and that you need to be evaluated by an immunologist, who may indicate replacement therapy to avoid infections.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u01a1 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi tr\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o nh\u01b0 da, ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 l\u00f4ng mao ru\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ed5i (l\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf). Khi vi tr\u00f9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":21809,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[24],"class_list":["post-21805","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-other-health-conditions","tag-rafik-boctor"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Gamma Globulins: What You Should Know<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Find out everything you need to know about gamma globulins, its different types, and the main kinds of immunoglobulin therapy.\" 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He received his degree from the Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University in 2011. The most rewarding part of his job is making positive changes in patients' health and well-being on a daily basis. His areas of expertise include immunoglobulins, chemotherapy and biologics. 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