{"id":20187,"date":"2022-05-19T15:54:34","date_gmt":"2022-05-19T22:54:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspe.wpengine.com\/staging\/?p=19138"},"modified":"2026-03-26T14:27:09","modified_gmt":"2026-03-26T21:27:09","slug":"iv-nutrition-therapy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/iv-nutrition-therapy\/","title":{"rendered":"Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng IV"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">IV nutrition therapy, also called parenteral nutrition (PN), is the intravenous administration of nutrients directly into the bloodstream. Some acute and chronic medical conditions prevent patients from receiving adequate oral nutrition, making intravenous nutritional therapy necessary in many cases. It is used in patients of all age groups for a variety of medical indications. Patients can live well on PN therapy for as long as it is needed. Some may require therapy for a short time, while others will require therapy for a lifetime.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PN bypasses the normal digestive process in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. It is a sterile liquid formula given directly into the bloodstream through an intravenous (IV) catheter.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  id=\"call-to-action-ea5a08988f523c286d9ab32c2a3f5efd\" style=\"\" class=\"ct_call_to_action\">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"block-wrap cta\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-column\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cta_headings\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"cta__heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAlways in Stock\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cta__sub__heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFull inventory of IV fluids, ready for you\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cta_btn\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#form\">Learn More<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/iv-nutrition-therapy\/#Enteral_Versus_Parenteral_Nutrition\" >Enteral Versus Parenteral Nutrition<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/iv-nutrition-therapy\/#TPN_vs_PPN\" >TPN vs. PPN<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/iv-nutrition-therapy\/#Ingredients_in_PN\" >Ingredients in PN<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/iv-nutrition-therapy\/#Indications_for_PN\" >Indications for PN<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/iv-nutrition-therapy\/#Complications_and_Risks_of_PN\" >Complications and Risks of PN<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/iv-nutrition-therapy\/#Interdisciplinary_Healthcare_Team\" >Interdisciplinary Healthcare Team<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/vi\/tpn\/iv-nutrition-therapy\/#Eating_While_Receiving_IV_Nutrition\" >Eating While Receiving IV Nutrition<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Enteral_Versus_Parenteral_Nutrition\"><\/span>Enteral Versus Parenteral Nutrition<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/my.clevelandclinic.org\/health\/treatments\/21098-tube-feeding--enteral-nutrition\">Enteral nutrition<\/a> (EN) is administered through a feeding tube placed into the stomach or intestines, whereas parenteral nutrition (PN) is administered through an IV line. PN therapy provides intravenous nutrition when the gastrointestinal tract cannot be used or is not functioning adequately.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both forms provide nutrition when the oral route is not available. EN is always preferred because it is the most physiological way to deliver nutrients when stomach function is preserved. The goal of EN is to use the gastrointestinal (GI) tract if and whenever possible. EN preserves gastrointestinal function, is less costly than PN, and is generally simpler to administer. However, EN is associated with greater intestinal intolerance such as vomiting, reflux, and aspiration.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When EN is not possible, PN will be needed. PN is more complex and expensive but can be faster and more predictable. It is possible to dose with greater precision, and its effects are potentially immediate. However, PN carries risks such as infections and metabolic abnormalities.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"TPN_vs_PPN\"><\/span>TPN vs. PPN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There are two subtypes of PN: peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) and <a href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/tpn\/tpn-solution\/\">total parenteral nutrition (TPN)<\/a>. Both types of PN provide nutrition to the body, with the key differences between the two being calorie content and treatment duration.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PPN is typically used for short-term nutritional support when the expected duration of treatment is no more than 2 weeks, usually during or after an acute event. Solutions are much more dilute and often meant to supplement nutritional needs rather than replace daily requirements. PPN is delivered through a peripheral vein using a catheter that typically lasts 3\u20134 days and is replaced as needed.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">TPN, on the other hand, is more comprehensive. The formula is calorie-dense and can fully replace a patient\u2019s daily nutritional requirements. It is often prescribed over PPN when the condition being treated is expected to be chronic with no definite timetable of recovery. TPN must be delivered through a central vein (catheter that lasts for weeks to months and is replaced as needed).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">These types of therapies have evolved rapidly over the years and are safe and accessible. IV nutrition therapy is compounded as all-in-one admixtures where all necessary ingredients are sterile compounded into a single container by a pharmacy.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div  id=\"call-to-action-48cf2f523c4c4e42d90bf75a775b1910\" style=\"\" class=\"ct_call_to_action\">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"block-wrap cta\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-column\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cta_headings\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"cta__heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSpeak to a Specialist about Copay Assistance\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cta_btn\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"tel:8777780318\">(877) 778-0318<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ingredients_in_PN\"><\/span>Ingredients in PN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The following are the ingredients found in PN:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protein (amino acids)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carbohydrates (dextrose)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fats (lipid emulsion)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electrolytes<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Trace elements<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vitamins<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Other additives (e.g., insulin, folic acid) as clinically appropriate<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">PN is patient-specific, meaning the ingredients and their amounts are personalized to meet the patient\u2019s nutritional needs.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Indications_for_PN\"><\/span>Indications for PN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The main clinical indications for PN include:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><b>Impaired absorption or loss of nutrients:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Congenital bowel abnormalities, <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/medlineplus.gov\/ency\/article\/000237.htm\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">short bowel syndrome<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, complications of bariatric surgery, inflammation of the intestine from radiation (in cases of cancer)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>GI fistulas: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Abnormal openings in the stomach or intestines that allow contents to leak<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Mechanical bowel obstruction: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Partial or complete blockage in the intestines (i.e., strictures, inflammatory disease, cancer, ischemic bowel disease).<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Necessity to restrict oral intake <\/b>(<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">i.e., preoperative status or severe pancreatitis)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Motility disorders <\/b>(<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">i.e., scleroderma or ileus [prolonged])<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><b>Severe malnutrition, significant weight loss,<\/b><b> or hypoproteinaemia when enteral therapy is not possible<\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Complications_and_Risks_of_PN\"><\/span>Complications and Risks of PN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Possible complications associated with TPN include:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Metabolic abnormalities, including:<\/span>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Electrolyte imbalances \u2014 monitored through weekly laboratory testing<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), particularly in patients with diabetes<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), which may occur if the infusion is stopped abruptly. This risk is minimized by tapering the infusion at the beginning and end of therapy.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thrombosis (blood clots)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Infection <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at the catheter site, sepsis (bloodstream infection)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Liver dysfunction <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> evaluated via weekly lab draw<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Osteoporosis (bone disease) <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> a concern with long-term use of PN&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Edema <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> swelling from fluid overload, evaluated for weight gain and symptoms of edema (shortness of breath, frequent urination)<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div  id=\"call-to-action-42e3822228ee5a52ffabd0a43307bee7\" style=\"\" class=\"ct_call_to_action\">\n\t<div class=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"block-wrap cta\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"block-column\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"cta_headings\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"cta__heading\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAsk About TPN At-Home Infusion\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"cta_btn\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"#form\">Get Started<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Interdisciplinary_Healthcare_Team\"><\/span>Interdisciplinary Healthcare Team<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Because of the complexity of IV nutrition, an interdisciplinary healthcare team is required to manage <a href=\"https:\/\/ameripharmaspecialty.com\/tpn\/tpn-solution\/\">TPN therapy<\/a>. The team would include:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A prescriber (MD, DO) writes the order after deciding on the appropriate course of treatment and the type of nutrition. Collaborates with the patient&#8217;s primary health care team to ensure coordination of care.<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A dietitian (RD) conducts ongoing assessments of the patient&#8217;s nutritional status and calculates nutritional requirements.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A pharmacist (PharmD\/RPh) processes and provides sterile IV nutrition. Under the direction of the prescriber, a pharmacist may also make appropriate adjustments to the TPN formula based on clinical assessments and laboratory results. A pharmacist will also collaborate with the dietitian to optimize the patient\u2019s formula to meet their nutritional needs.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An infusion nurse (RN) educates and trains the patient or caregiver on administration, pump use, and managing the TPN at home. An infusion nurse will also perform weekly lab draws and dressing changes.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Eating_While_Receiving_IV_Nutrition\"><\/span>Eating While Receiving IV Nutrition<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Depending on the condition and diagnosis, a patient may be able to consume food and beverages while receiving IV nutrition therapy. If it is a possibility, oral intake is often encouraged to help expedite discontinuation. However, this should only be done under the guidance of the prescriber or dietitian.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a (PN), l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0o m\u00e1u qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh l\u00fd c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh v\u00e0 m\u00e3n t\u00ednh khi\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee7 dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec7ng, do \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0129nh m\u1ea1ch tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":20188,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[12],"tags":[9],"class_list":["post-20187","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tpn","tag-dr-stephanie-shieh"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>IV Nutrition Therapy - 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C\u00f4 theo h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc S\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe Western v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129 trong 7 n\u0103m. Ph\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 \u00edch nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac - d\u00f9 l\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c thu\u1ed1c hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi b\u00e1c s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n li\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f4 hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Marshall B. Ketchum. Trong th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea3nh r\u1ed7i, c\u00f4 th\u00edch d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 2 con g\u00e1i. 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