Enzalutamide (Xtandi)

What Is Xtandi?

Enzalutamide (pronounced [en za LOO ta mide]) is also known by the brand name, Xtandi. It is currently only available as the brand, Xtandi, and there is no generic available. Xtandi is an antineoplastic (anti-cancer) drug that belongs to a class called antiandrogens and is used as hormonal therapy. It is a type of केमोथेरापी that is used to treat prostate cancer.

केमोथेरापी भनेको के हो?

केमोथेरापी एक क्यान्सर उपचार हो जसमा क्यान्सर कोषहरूलाई मार्न केही औषधिहरू प्रयोग गरिन्छ। यी औषधिहरू सामान्यतया साइटोटोक्सिक रासायनिक पदार्थहरू हुन् जुन कोषहरूका लागि विषाक्त हुन्छन्, तिनीहरूको वृद्धिलाई प्रतिबन्धित गर्छन्, तिनीहरूको विभाजनलाई रोक्छन्, र अन्ततः कोषहरूलाई मार्छन्। 

केमोथेरापीबाट सुरक्षा

This drug is considered to be a hazardous agent, and normally, the capsules are covered by a thin coating of material. If this coating is damaged, removed, melted, or if the capsule is damaged or opened, the chemical inside the pill can cause harm to your skin if you touch it. Therefore, it is important to take appropriate precautions for receiving, handling, storing, administering, and disposing of this medication. It is highly recommended to wear gloves if touching this medication or to avoid touching it entirely by using the cap of the bottle to scoop up the capsule or tablet and put it directly into the mouth.

How Is Xtandi Used?

Xtandi has been approved by the खाद्य तथा औषधि प्रशासन (FDA) to treat different types of prostate cancers. It can be prescribed in combination with other chemotherapy agents, depending on the severity and type of cancer. 

उपलब्ध सूत्रहरू

Xtandi is only available in the form of capsules or tablets and must be administered orally. The tablets are available in two different strengths: 40 mg and 80 mg. The capsules are only available in 40 mg strength. The 40 mg round and 80 mg elliptical tablets are yellow and stamped with “E 40” and “E 80,” respectively. The 40 mg capsules are white and stamped with either “MDV” or “ENZ” on one side. The capsules contain an additional ingredient, sorbitol. 

प्रयोगको लागि निर्देशनहरू

Xtandi may be taken without regard to food. It should be taken at the same time each day. While taking the capsule or tablet, swallow it whole; do not break, crush, chew, or allow it to be dissolved in your mouth. Xtandi is typically dosed once a day, and the dose is dependent on the cancer type and severity. Verify the correct dose and frequency with your provider. The dose should not be more or less than what is prescribed. 

छुटेको मात्रा

If you accidentally miss a dose, take your prescribed dose as soon as you remember that day. If you missed your dose for the day, take your prescribed dose at the regular time the next day. Do not take more than your prescribed dose of Xtandi each day.

भण्डारण

Store mediation in a cool, dry place at room temperature and ensure the bottle is tightly closed.

What To Avoid While Taking Xtandi?

While on the Xtandi therapy, you must follow some precautions. Always tell your physician about any medication you are already taking. आफ्नो चिकित्सक वा औषधिविद्को पूर्व सहमति बिना कुनै पनि औषधि वा औषधि (जडीबुटी, भिटामिन, वा ओभर-द-काउन्टर औषधिहरू पनि) नलिनुहोस्।, as they may have some significant interactions with Xtandi.

Pregnancy and Xtandi

Xtandi may cause fetal harm and/or loss of pregnancy (miscarriage). Male patients with female partners of childbearing age should use effective contraception during treatment and for 3 months after the last dose. 

साइड इफेक्टहरू

As with any other medication, you may encounter side effects while taking Xtandi. A few things to remember are:

• तल सूचीबद्ध सबै साइड इफेक्टहरू तपाईंलाई नहुन सक्छन्। धेरै मानिसहरूले थोरै वा कुनै साइड इफेक्टहरू अनुभव गर्न सक्छन्।
• साइड इफेक्टको गम्भीरता व्यक्तिपिच्छे फरक हुन सक्छ, त्यसैले आफ्नो साइड इफेक्टलाई अरूको अनुभवसँग तुलना नगर्नुहोस्।
• उपचार बन्द गर्दा धेरैजसो साइड इफेक्टहरू सुधार हुनेछन्।
• यी साइड इफेक्टहरू धेरैजसो समय फुलभेस्ट्रन्टको खुराक समायोजन गरेर वा लक्षणहरूको उपचार गर्न थप औषधिहरू प्रयोग गरेर सजिलै व्यवस्थापन गर्न सकिन्छ। उपलब्ध विकल्पहरू अन्वेषण गर्न आफ्नो चिकित्सक वा फार्मासिस्टसँग परामर्श गर्नुहोस्।
• कुनै पनि लक्षण नलुकााउनुहोस्; जब तपाईंलाई कुनै असुविधा महसुस हुन्छ, आफ्नो चिकित्सक वा औषधि विशेषज्ञलाई यसको बारेमा बताउन नहिचकिचाउनुहोस्।

नोट: यो सबै साइड इफेक्टहरूको विस्तृत सूची होइन। यदि तपाईंसँग प्रश्नहरू छन् भने आफ्नो डाक्टरसँग कुरा गर्नुहोस्। 

Some of the most common side effects of Xtandi are:

मुटुको जटिलताहरू

There is a risk that Xtandi may cause high blood pressure. It may typically present as a very bad headache, dizziness, passing out, or a change in eyesight. Less commonly, however, it can potentially lead to blood clots, heart attacks, stroke, venous thromboembolism (VTE), or pulmonary embolism (PE) if left uncontrolled. Typically, these side effects may be controlled with medications to treat high blood pressure. Xtandi may worsen preexisting hypertension. 

हार्मोनल साइड इफेक्टहरू

Because Xtandi affects androgen, a hormone, it may cause a hormonal imbalance in the body, resulting in side effects like hot flashes, fatigue/weakness, back or joint/muscle pain, lack of appetite, weight loss, and trouble sleeping.

एलर्जी प्रतिक्रियाहरू

Allergic reactions can be another side effect of Xtandi. A mild allergic reaction can include a rash on the skin, skin becoming itchy, etc. Severe side effects may include swelling under the eyes, lips, or hands; and swelling of the throat or tongue with disturbed breathing. Immediately contact your physician if any signs of an allergic reaction are present. If a severe reaction occurs, discontinuation of Xtandi may be recommended. 

Fall or Fracture Risk

Patients who have a high fracture or fall risk may need to consider taking additional therapy that can help increase bone density to prevent any falls or bone fractures. This risk is potentially due to the high chance of fatigue and weakness/dizziness.

Infertility

There is a risk that Xtandi may impair fertility in males of reproductive potential.

अन्य सामान्य साइड इफेक्टहरू समावेश हुन सक्छन्:

• Constipation or diarrhea
• Common cold symptoms
• स्वादमा परिवर्तन
• चिन्ता

सावधानी

Unless approved by your physician, Xtandi is generally not recommended in: 

• Patients with risk of cardiovascular events. These events can include a history of heart disease, high blood pressure, abnormal amounts of fat or cholesterol in the blood (dyslipidemia), history of heart attack or stroke, etc. Xtandi is known for potentially increasing blood pressure, leading to an increased risk of cardiovascular events taking place. If any of these events occur, discontinuation or a decrease in dose may be warranted. 
• Patients with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). PRES is a neurological disorder and may present as headache, seizure, lethargy, confusion, blindness, and other visual/neurologic symptoms with possible hypertension. Diagnosis of PRES can be confirmed by MRI, and if confirmed, it is recommended to discontinue Xtandi immediately.
• Patients with a history of seizures, brain injury, stroke, or brain tumors. If seizures develop during treatment, it is recommended to discontinue Xtandi immediately.

सोधिने प्रश्नहरू

Is Xtandi a chemo agent?

केमो औषधिहरू are those that are used in the management of various cancers. Xtandi kills cancer cells and is therefore a chemo agent. It is recommended as a treatment option for various cancer patients. 

How should Xtandi be taken?

Xtandi may be taken without regard to food and should be taken at the same time each day. When taking the pill, swallow it whole; do not break, crush, chew, or allow it to be dissolved in your mouth. Xtandi is typically dosed once a day, and the dose is dependent on the cancer type and severity. Verify the correct dose and frequency with your provider. The dose should not be more or less than what is prescribed. 

Can you touch Xtandi?

केमो औषधिहरूमा तपाईंको स्वास्थ्यको लागि हानिकारक रसायनहरू हुन्छन्। त्यसैले, औषधि दिँदा पन्जा लगाउन अत्यधिक सिफारिस गरिन्छ। प्रयोगको समय नभएसम्म यसको मूल कन्टेनरमा सुरक्षित रूपमा भण्डार गर्नुहोस्।